Chapter Five: Signals And Noise
5A The Signal-to-Noise Ratio
5B Sources of Noise in Instrumental Analyses
5C Signal-to-Noise Enhancement
Instrumental Analysis in Action—The Electronic Analytical Laboratory
Chapter Six: An Introduction to Spectrometric Methods
6A General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
6B Wave Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
6C Quantum-Mechanical Properties of Radiation
6D Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical Measurements
Chapter Seven: Components Of Optical Instruments
7A General Designs of Optical Instruments
7B Sources of Radiation
7C Wavelength Selectors
7D Sample Containers
7E Radiation Transducers
7F Signal Processors and Readouts
7G Fiber Optics
7H Types of Optical Instruments
7I Principles of Fourier Transform Optical Measurements
Chapter Eight: An Introduction To Optical Atomic Spectrometry
8A Optical Atomic Spectra
8B Atomization Methods
8C Sample-Introduction Methods
Chapter Nine: Atomic Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
9A Sample Atomization Techniques
9B Atomic Absorption Instrumentation
9C Interferences in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
9D Atomic Absorption Analytical Techniques
9E Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Chapter Ten: Atomic Emission Spectrometry
10A Emission Spectroscopy Based on Plasma Sources
10B Emission Spectroscopy Based on Arc and Spark Sources
10C Other Sources for Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Chapter Eleven: Atomic Mass Spectrometry
11A Some General Features of Atomic Mass Spectrometry
11B Mass Spectrometers
11C Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
11D Spark Source Mass Spectrometry
11E Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry
11F Other Mass Spectrometric Methods
Chapter Twelve: Atomic X-Ray Spectrometry
12A Fundamental Principles
12B Instrument Components
12C X-ray Fluorescence Methods
12D X-ray Absorption Methods
12E The Electron Microprobe
Chapter Thirteen: An Introduction To Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
13A Measurement of Transmittance and Absorbance
13B Beer’s Law
13C The Effects of Instrumental Noise on Spectrophotometric Analyses
13D Instrumentation
Chapter Fourteen: Applications Of Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
14A The Magnitude of Molar Absorptivities
14B Absorbing Species
14C Qualitative Applications of Ultraviolet Visible Absorption Spectroscopy
14D Quantitative Analysis by Absorption Measurements
14E Photometric and Spectrophotometric Titrations
14F Spectrophotometric Kinetic Methods
14G Spectrophotometric Studies of Complex Ions
Chapter Fifteen: Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry
15A Theory of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
15B Fluorescence and Phosphorescene Instrumentation
15C Applications of Photoluminescence Methods
15D Chemiluminescence
Chapter Sixteen: An Introduction To Infrared Spectrometry
16A Theory of IR Absorption Spectrometry
16B IR Instrumentation
16C IR Sources and Transducers
Chapter Seventeen: Applications Of Infrared Spectrometry
17A Mid-IR Absorption Spectrometry
17B Mid-IR Reflection Spectrometry
17C Photoacoustic IR Spectroscopy
17D Near-IR Spectroscopy
17E Far-IR Spectroscopy
17F IR Emission Spectroscopy
17G IR Microscopy and Imaging
Chapter Eighteen: Raman Spectroscopy
18A Theory of Raman Spectroscopy
18B Instrumentation
18C Applications of Raman Spectroscopy
18D Other Types of Raman Spectroscopy
Chapter Nineteen: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
19A Theory of NMR
19B Environmental Effects on NMR Spectra
19C NMR Spectrometers
19D Applications of Proton NMR
19E Carbon-13 NMR
19F Application of NMR to Other Nuclei
19G Multiple Pulse and Multidimensional NMR
19H Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chapter Twenty: Molecular Mass Spectrometry
20A Molecular Mass Spectra
20B Ion Sources
20C Mass Spectrometers
20D Applications of Molecular Mass Spectrometry
20E Quantitative Applications of Mass Spectrometry
Chapter Twenty-One: Surface Characterization By Spectroscopy And Microscopy
21A Introduction to the Study of Surfaces
21B Spectroscopic Surface Methods
21C Electron Spectroscopy
21D Ion Spectroscopic Techniques
21E Surface Photon Spectroscopic Methods
21F Electron-Stimulated Microanalysis Methods
21G Scanning Probe Microscopes
Chapter Twenty-Two: An Introduction To Electroanalytical Chemistry
22A Electrochemical Cells
22B Potentials in Electroanalytical Cells
22C Electrode Potentials
22D Calculation of Cell Potentials from Electrode Potentials
22E Currents in Electrochemical Cells
22F Types of Electroanalytical Methods
Chapter Twenty-Three: Potentiometry
23A General Principles
23B Reference Electrodes
23C Metallic Indicator Electrodes
23D Membrane Indicator Electrodes
23E Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors
23F Molecular-Selective Electrode Systems
23G Instruments for Measuring Cell Potentials
23H Direct Potentiometric Measurements
23I Potentiometric Titrations
Chapter Twenty-Four: Coulometry
24A Current-Voltage Relationships during an Electrolysis
24B An Introduction to Coulometric Methods of Analysis
24C Controlled-Potential Coulometry
24D Coulometric Titrations
Chapter Twenty-five: Voltammetry
25A Excitation Signals in Voltammetry
25B Voltammetric Instrumentation
25C Hydrodynamic Voltammetry
25D Cyclic Voltammetry
25E Pulse Voltammetry
25F High-Frequency and High-Speed Voltammetry
25G Applications of Voltammetry
25H Stripping Methods
25I Voltammetry with Microelectrodes
Chapter Twenty-Six: An Introduction to Chromatographic Separations
26A General Description of Chromatography
26B Migration Rates of Solutes
26C Band Broadening and Column Efficiency
26D Optimization of Column Performance
26E Summary of Chromatographic Relationships
26F Applications of Chromatography
Chapter Twenty-Seven: Gas Chromatography
27A Principles of GLC
27B Instruments for GLC
27C Gas Chromatographic Columns and Stationary Phases
27D Applications of GC
27E Advances in GC
27F Gas-Solid Chromatography
Chapter Twenty-Eight: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
28A Scope of HPLC
28B Column Efficiency in LC
28C Instrumentation
28D Partition Chromatography
28E Adsorption Chromatography
28F Ion Chromatography
28G Size-Exclusion Chromatography
28H Affinity Chromatography
28I Thin-Layer Chromatography
Chapter Twenty-Nine: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction
29A Properties of Supercritical Fluids
29B Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
29C Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Chapter Thirty: Capillary Electrophoresis, Electrochromatography, and Field-Flow Fractionation
30A An Overview of Electrophoresis
30B Capillary Electrophoresis
30C Applications of CE
30D Packed Column Electrochromatography
Chapter Thirty-One: Thermal Methods
31A Thermogravimetric Analysis
31B Differential Thermal Analysis
31C Differential Scanning Calorimetry
31D Microthermal Analysis
Chapter Thirty-Two: Radiochemical Methods
32A Radioactive Nuclides
32B Instrumentation
32C Neutron Activation Methods
32D Isotope Dilution Methods
Chapter Thirty-Three: Automated Methods Of Analysis
33A Overview
33B Flow Injection Analysis
33C Microfluidics
33D Discrete Automatic Systems
Chapter Thirty-Four: Particle Size Determination
34A Introduction to Particle Size Analysis
34B Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering
34C Dynamic Light Scattering
34D Photosedimentation